Difference between revisions of "CCNA Explorer 3 VLANs"
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+ | =3 VLANs= | ||
+ | ==3.1 Introducing VLANs== | ||
{| | {| | ||
− | | | + | |[[Image:ScreenShot072.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Before VLANs]] |
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShot073.jpg|800px|left|thumb|What is a VLAN?]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShot074.jpg|800px|left|thumb|What is a VLAN?]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShot075.jpg|800px|left|thumb|VLAN security]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShot076.jpg|800px|left|thumb|VLAN Characteristics]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
+ | ===3.1.2 Types of VLANs=== | ||
+ | {| | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShot077.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Data VLAN]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Kaldes datavlan for at fremhæve der ikke skal være fx voice eller mgmt trafik på det. Er beregnet til brugerdata | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShot078.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Default VLAN]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Som default er alle porte medlem af et VLAN, på en ny switch er det VLAN 1. VLAN1 kan ikke omdøbes eller slettes. CDP og STP kører som default på default VLAN. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew019.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Nativ VLAN]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Nativ VLAN bruges i IEEE802.1Q trunks til untagged pakker. Best-practice er at bruge andet end VLAN 1 til nativ vlan. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew020.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Management VLAN]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Management VLAN bruges til at kontrollere switchen, så der skal sættes en IP adr. på vlan'et. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew021.jpg|800px|left|thumb|IP Phones in the Network]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew022.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Inside an IP Phone]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew023.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Sample Configuration]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew024.jpg|800px|left|thumb|IP Telephony traffic]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | *Signaling traffic | ||
+ | *Voice traffic | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===3.1.3 Switch Port Membership Modes=== | ||
+ | {| | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew025.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Switch port modes]]<br/> | ||
+ | VLAN Membership Policy Server | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew026.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Voice port Configuration]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | ===3.1.4 Controlling Broadcast Domains with VLANs=== | ||
+ | {| | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew027.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Broadcast domain with no VLAN segmentation]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew028.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Controlling broadcast domains with VLANs and Routers]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Fortæl lidt om hvordan en pakke bliver sendt på tværs af vlans. Med ARP og det hele. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew029.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Controlling broadcast domains with L3 Switches]] | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==3.2 VLAN Trunking== | ||
+ | ===3.2.1 VLAN Trunks=== | ||
+ | {| | ||
+ | |Definition of a trunk: A trunk is a point-to-point link between two network devices that carries more than one VLAN. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew030.jpg|800px|left|thumb|VLAN Trunks]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew031.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Without VLAN Trunks]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew032.jpg|800px|left|thumb|With VLAN Trunks]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew033.jpg|800px|left|thumb|802.1Q Tag Field]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |'''3 bits of user priority''' - Used by the 802.1p standard, which specifies how to provide expedited transmission of Layer 2 frames.<br/> | ||
+ | '''1 bit of Canonical Format Identifier (CFI)''' - Enables Token Ring frames to be carried across Ethernet links easily.<br/> | ||
+ | '''12 bits of VLAN ID (VID)''' - VLAN identification numbers; supports up to 4096 VLAN IDs. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew034.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Nativ VLAN]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew035.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Nativ VLAN Configuration]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | ===3.2.3 Trunking Modes=== | ||
+ | {| | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew036.jpg|800px|left|thumb|DTP port configuration]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew037.jpg|800px|left|thumb|DTP port configuration]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | *'''On''' Sender DTP frames og bliver i trunk mode | ||
+ | *'''Dynamic Auto''' Sender DTP frames, men foreslår ikke trunking | ||
+ | *'''Dynamic desirable''' Sender DTP frames, og vil gerne trunke | ||
+ | *'''Off''' Sender ikke DTP frames, bruges mod ikke-Cisco udstyr | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | ==3.3 Configuring VLANs and Trunks== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===3.3.1 Configura VLANs and Trunks Overview=== | ||
+ | {| | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew038.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Configura VLANs and Trunks Overview]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew039.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Add a VLAN]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew040.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Verify the VLAN]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew042.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Assign a Switch Port]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew043.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Verify a switch port]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===3.3.3 Manging VLANs=== | ||
+ | {| | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew044.jpg|800px|left|thumb|VLAN command syntax]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew045.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Show VLAN]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew046.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Show VLAN interface]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew047.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Show interface swithcport]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew048.jpg|800px|left|thumb|no switchport access vlan]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Delete vlan with '''no vlan ''vlan-id''''' or '''delete flash:vlan.dat''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | ===3.3.4 Configure a trunk=== | ||
+ | {| | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew049.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Configura an 802.1Q Trunk - Topology]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew050.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Configura an 802.1Q Trunk - Commands]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew051.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Verify trunks]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew052.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Allow VLANs]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==3.4 Troubleshooting VLANs and Trunks== | ||
+ | ===3.4.1 Common Problems with Trunks=== | ||
+ | {| | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew053.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Common problems with trunks]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew054.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Nativ VLAN mismatch - Nativ vlan on S3 = 100]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew055.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Trunk mode mismatch]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew056.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Incorrect VLAN list - VLAN 20 is not allowed on F0/3 on S1]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew057.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Incorrect VLAN and Subnet]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==3.5 Chapter Summary== | ||
+ | ===3.6.1 Chapter Summary=== | ||
+ | {| | ||
+ | |[[Image:ScreenShotNew058.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Chapter Summary]] | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | =Links= | ||
+ | [http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/switches/ps708/products_white_paper09186a008013159f.shtml VLAN Security White Paper] |
Latest revision as of 13:19, 18 January 2012
Contents
3 VLANs
3.1 Introducing VLANs
3.1.2 Types of VLANs
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