Difference between revisions of "CCNA Explorer 3 VLANs"

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|[[Image:ScreenShot077.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Data VLAN]]
 
|[[Image:ScreenShot077.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Data VLAN]]
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| Kaldes datavlan for at fremhæve der ikke skal være fx voice eller mgmt trafik på det. Er beregnet til brugerdata
 
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|[[Image:ScreenShot078.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Default VLAN]]
 
|[[Image:ScreenShot078.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Default VLAN]]
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|Som default er alle porte medlem af et VLAN, på en ny switch er det VLAN 1. VLAN1 kan ikke omdøbes eller slettes. CDP og STP kører som default på default VLAN.
 
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|[[Image:ScreenShotNew019.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Nativ VLAN]]
 
|[[Image:ScreenShotNew019.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Nativ VLAN]]
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| Nativ VLAN bruges i IEEE802.1Q trunks til untagged  pakker. Best-practice er at bruge andet end VLAN 1 til nativ vlan.
 
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|[[Image:ScreenShotNew020.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Management VLAN]]
 
|[[Image:ScreenShotNew020.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Management VLAN]]
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| Management VLAN bruges til at kontrollere switchen, så der skal sættes en IP adr. på vlan'et.
 
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|[[Image:ScreenShotNew021.jpg|800px|left|thumb|IP Phones in the Network]]
 
|[[Image:ScreenShotNew021.jpg|800px|left|thumb|IP Phones in the Network]]
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===3.1.3 Switch Port Membership Modes===
 
===3.1.3 Switch Port Membership Modes===
 
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|[[Image:ScreenShotNew027.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Broadcast domain with no VLAN segmentation]]
 
|[[Image:ScreenShotNew027.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Broadcast domain with no VLAN segmentation]]
 
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|[[Image:ScreenShotNew028.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Controlling broadcast domains with VLANs and Routers]]<br/>Fortæl lidt om hvordan en pakke bliver sendt på tværs af vlans. Med ARP og det hele.
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|[[Image:ScreenShotNew028.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Controlling broadcast domains with VLANs and Routers]]
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| Fortæl lidt om hvordan en pakke bliver sendt på tværs af vlans. Med ARP og det hele.
 
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|[[Image:ScreenShotNew029.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Controlling broadcast domains with L3 Switches]]
 
|[[Image:ScreenShotNew029.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Controlling broadcast domains with L3 Switches]]
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==3.2 VLAN Trunking==
 
==3.2 VLAN Trunking==
 
===3.2.1 VLAN Trunks===
 
===3.2.1 VLAN Trunks===
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==3.3 Configuring VLANs and Trunks
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==3.3 Configuring VLANs and Trunks==
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===3.3.1 Configura VLANs and Trunks Overview===
 
===3.3.1 Configura VLANs and Trunks Overview===
 
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===3.3.4 Configura a trunk===
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===3.3.4 Configure a trunk===
 
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|[[Image:ScreenShotNew049.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Configura an 802.1Q Trunk - Topology]]
 
|[[Image:ScreenShotNew049.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Configura an 802.1Q Trunk - Topology]]
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==3.4 Troubleshooting VLANs and Trunks==
 
===3.4.1 Common Problems with Trunks===
 
===3.4.1 Common Problems with Trunks===
 
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==3.5 Chapter Summary==
 
===3.6.1 Chapter Summary===
 
===3.6.1 Chapter Summary===
 
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|[[Image:ScreenShotNew058.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Chapter Summary]]
 
|[[Image:ScreenShotNew058.jpg|800px|left|thumb|Chapter Summary]]
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=Links=
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[http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/switches/ps708/products_white_paper09186a008013159f.shtml VLAN Security White Paper]

Latest revision as of 13:19, 18 January 2012

3 VLANs

3.1 Introducing VLANs

Before VLANs
What is a VLAN?
What is a VLAN?
VLAN security
VLAN Characteristics

3.1.2 Types of VLANs

Data VLAN
Kaldes datavlan for at fremhæve der ikke skal være fx voice eller mgmt trafik på det. Er beregnet til brugerdata
Default VLAN
Som default er alle porte medlem af et VLAN, på en ny switch er det VLAN 1. VLAN1 kan ikke omdøbes eller slettes. CDP og STP kører som default på default VLAN.
Nativ VLAN
Nativ VLAN bruges i IEEE802.1Q trunks til untagged pakker. Best-practice er at bruge andet end VLAN 1 til nativ vlan.
Management VLAN
Management VLAN bruges til at kontrollere switchen, så der skal sættes en IP adr. på vlan'et.
IP Phones in the Network
Inside an IP Phone
Sample Configuration
IP Telephony traffic
  • Signaling traffic
  • Voice traffic

3.1.3 Switch Port Membership Modes

Switch port modes

VLAN Membership Policy Server

Voice port Configuration

3.1.4 Controlling Broadcast Domains with VLANs

Broadcast domain with no VLAN segmentation
Controlling broadcast domains with VLANs and Routers
Fortæl lidt om hvordan en pakke bliver sendt på tværs af vlans. Med ARP og det hele.
Controlling broadcast domains with L3 Switches

3.2 VLAN Trunking

3.2.1 VLAN Trunks

Definition of a trunk: A trunk is a point-to-point link between two network devices that carries more than one VLAN.
VLAN Trunks
Without VLAN Trunks
With VLAN Trunks
802.1Q Tag Field
3 bits of user priority - Used by the 802.1p standard, which specifies how to provide expedited transmission of Layer 2 frames.

1 bit of Canonical Format Identifier (CFI) - Enables Token Ring frames to be carried across Ethernet links easily.
12 bits of VLAN ID (VID) - VLAN identification numbers; supports up to 4096 VLAN IDs.

Nativ VLAN
Nativ VLAN Configuration

3.2.3 Trunking Modes

DTP port configuration
DTP port configuration
  • On Sender DTP frames og bliver i trunk mode
  • Dynamic Auto Sender DTP frames, men foreslår ikke trunking
  • Dynamic desirable Sender DTP frames, og vil gerne trunke
  • Off Sender ikke DTP frames, bruges mod ikke-Cisco udstyr

3.3 Configuring VLANs and Trunks

3.3.1 Configura VLANs and Trunks Overview

Configura VLANs and Trunks Overview
Add a VLAN
Verify the VLAN
Assign a Switch Port
Verify a switch port

3.3.3 Manging VLANs

VLAN command syntax
Show VLAN
Show VLAN interface
Show interface swithcport
no switchport access vlan
Delete vlan with no vlan vlan-id or delete flash:vlan.dat

3.3.4 Configure a trunk

Configura an 802.1Q Trunk - Topology
Configura an 802.1Q Trunk - Commands
Verify trunks
Allow VLANs

3.4 Troubleshooting VLANs and Trunks

3.4.1 Common Problems with Trunks

Common problems with trunks
Nativ VLAN mismatch - Nativ vlan on S3 = 100
Trunk mode mismatch
Incorrect VLAN list - VLAN 20 is not allowed on F0/3 on S1
Incorrect VLAN and Subnet

3.5 Chapter Summary

3.6.1 Chapter Summary

Chapter Summary

Links

VLAN Security White Paper

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