Ubuntu Quick Guides

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Formating/mounting a new harddisk

  1. Find your harddisk
    ls /dev/

    Note: sd<letter> is harddisks, and sd<letter><number> is partitions.

  2. Enter your disk with fdisk
    sudo fdisk /dev/sd<letter>

  3. Create your partitions
    use m for help
    n to create a partitions
    t to change partition type

  4. When you have created your partition, exit with w to save and exit

  5. Format the new partition
    mkfs -t <filesystem, eg. ext4> <device, eg. /dev/sdb1>

  6. Get the uuid of your partition
    ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid

  7. Add uuid and insert the path where to mount in /etc/fstab
    sudo nano /etc/fstab

    Examble:
    UUID=2687047d-f506-40f0-8823-d753c1ef34cd /data ext4

  8. Mount the partitions
    mount -a

    LVM

    1. Install LVM2
      sudo apt-get install lvm2

    2. Create at least 2 Linux LVM (8e) partitions with fdisk

    3. Create the LVM partitions
      pvcreate <partition 1> <partition 2>

      Note: more partitions can be added - pvcreate <partition 1> <partition 2> <partition 3>

    4. Create a volume group for the partitions
      vgcreate <name> <partition 1> <partition 2>

    5. Create a logical volume for the volume group
      lvcreate --name <name> --size <size, eg. 10G or 20M> <volume group name>

    6. Format the volume with a filesystem
      mkfs -t <filesystem, eg. ext4> /dev/<volume group name>/<logical volume name>

    7. You can now mount it to a path

      <a href="http://www.howtoforge.com/linux_lvm">Read more</a>

      Install mediawiki

      1. Install apache2, mysql-server, php5, php5-mysql and mediawiki. Run this command and follow the instructions
        sudo apt-get install apache2 mysql-server php5 php5-mysql mediawiki

      2. Enter the /etc/mediawiki/apache.conf file
        sudo nano /etc/mediawiki/apache.conf

      3. remove # from the line #Alias /mediawiki /var/lib/mediawiki

      4. Save and exit

      5. Restart apache2
        sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

      6. go to http://<server address>/mediawiki and run the configuration

      7. Rename the old configuration
        sudo mv /var/lib/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php /var/lib/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php.backup

      8. Insert the new configuration
        sudo cp /var/lib/mediawiki/config/LocalSettings.php /var/lib/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php

      9. You can now access your new mediawiki webpage by going to http://<server address>/mediawiki

        Install php

        1. Install php
          sudo apt-get install php5

        2. PHP should now be installed.

          Install phpmyadmin

          1. Install phpmyadmin
            sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin

          2. You can now access phpmyadmin via http <server address>/phpmyadmin

            Make you http site redirect to your https site

            1. Enter your site file
              sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

            2. Under the line
              <VirtualHost *:80>
              insert the line
              Redirect permanent / https://<server address>/

            3. Restart apache
              sudo service apache2 restart

            4. Http requests should now be redirected to https

              Install samba file server (create network shares)

              1. Install samba
                sudo apt-get install samba

              2. Enter the sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf file
                sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

              3. Browse to the bottom and create a share

                Example:
                [Share]
                comment = Guest access share
                path = /path/to/dir/to/share
                browseable = yes
                read only = yes
                guest ok = yes


              4. Save and exit

              5. Reload samba
                sudo /etc/init.d/samba reload

                Making shares open

                1. Enter the sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf file
                  sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

                2. Find the line security = guest and replace it with security = share

                3. Save and exit

                4. Reload samba
                  sudo /etc/init.d/samba reload

                  Install ssh (cli remote control)

                  1. Install openssh server
                    sudo apt-get install openssh-server

                  2. You can now access your server via ssh (with eg. putty)

                    Setting up static ip

                    1. Enter the /etc/network/interfaces file
                      sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

                    2. Change iface eth0 inet dhcp to iface eth0 inet static

                    3. Write your address, netmask and gateway

                      Example:
                      iface eth0 inet static
                      address 192.168.1.2
                      netmask 255.255.255.0
                      gateway 192.168.1.1


                    4. Restart networkworking and that's it
                      sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart <a href="index.html">Index</a>

                      Update ubuntu

                      1. To update your server, run this command
                        sudo aptitude update && sudo aptitude safe-upgrade && sudo do-release-upgrade

                        Install wordpress

                        1. To install wordpress. Run this command and follow the instructions
                          sudo apt-get install apache2 mysql-server php5 php5-gd php5-mysql wordpress

                        2. Make a symbolic link so that Apache2 knows where to find the installation folder
                          sudo ln -s /usr/share/wordpress /var/www/wordpress

                        3. Then install WordPress using the supplied script
                          sudo bash /usr/share/doc/wordpress/examples/setup-mysql -n wordpress localhost

                        4. Add the line the line ServerName localhost to the file /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
                          sudo nano /etc/apache2/httpd.conf

                        5. Restart apache
                          sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

                        6. Change the permissions of the wordpress folder
                          sudo chmod -R 777 /var/www/wordpress

                        7. Delete the wordpress configuration file
                          sudo rm /var/www/wordpress/wp-config.php

                        8. Run the wordpress configuration, open a webbrowser and go to http://<server address>/wordpress/wp-admin/install.php
                          Note: mysql user should be root

                        9. You can now access your new wordpress webpage by going to http://<server address>/wordpress

                          Install apache (web server)

                          1. To install apache2 run this command
                            sudo apt-get install apache2

                          2. That's it! You can now create your webpage in the /var/www folder

                            Using your own certificate

                            Openssh-server should be installed before you begin.

                            1. Generate keys for the Certificate Signing Request (CSR)
                              openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048

                            2. Now create the insecure key, the one without a passphrase, and shuffle the key names
                              openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key.insecure
                              mv server.key server.key.secure
                              mv server.key.insecure server.key

                            3. Create the CSR
                              openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr

                            4. Create the self-signed certificate
                              openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt

                            5. Install the certificate
                              sudo cp server.crt /etc/ssl/certs
                              sudo cp server.key /etc/ssl/private

                            6. Now we have to edit the https site to use your certificate, enter the https site.
                              sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl

                            7. Change the following
                              SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
                              SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
                              to
                              SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/server.crt
                              SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/server.key

                            8. Save the changes

                            9. Restart apache
                              sudo service apache2 restart

                            10. Your server should now use the certificate you have created.

                              Common commands

                              • sudo aptitude update && sudo aptitude safe-upgrade && sudo do-release-upgrade
                                Used to update ubuntu

                              • sudo
                                Used to run commands as root

                              • ls
                                Used to show files and folders in a directory

                              • mkdir
                                Used to make a directory

                              • cd
                                Used to change the directory you're working in

                              • cp
                                Used to copy files/directories

                              • rm
                                Used to delete files/directories

                              • mv
                                Used to move/rename files/directories

                              • locate
                                Used to find files/directories

                              • adduser
                                Used to create a user

                              • userdel
                                Used to delete a user

                              • usermod
                                Used to modify a user

                              • groupadd
                                Used to create a group

                              • addgroup
                                Used to create a group

                              • groupdel
                                Used to delete a group

                              • delgroup
                                Used to delete a group

                              • groupmod
                                Used to modify a group

                              • chmod
                                Used to change permissions of a file/directory

                              • chgrp
                                Used to change the group of a file/directory

                              • chown
                                Used to change the owner of a file/directory

                              • fdisk
                                Used to create partitions on a disk

                              • mount
                                Used to mount partitions

                              • blkid
                                Used to show where partitions are mounted

                              • mkfs
                                Used to format a partition

                              • vi
                                Text editor

                              • nano
                                Text editor

                              • ifconfig
                                Used to show interface configuration

                              • man
                                Used to show the manual of a command

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