Revision as of 12:44, 3 May 2012

Formating/mounting a new harddisk

1. Find your harddisk
   ls /dev/
   
   Note: sd<letter> is harddisks, and sd<letter><number> is partitions.
   
   
2. Enter your disk with fdisk
   sudo fdisk /dev/sd<letter>
   
   
3. Create your partitions
   use m for help
   n to create a partitions
   t to change partition type
   
   
4. When you have created your partition, exit with w to save and exit
   
   
5. Format the new partition
   mkfs -t <filesystem, eg. ext4> <device, eg. /dev/sdb1>
   
   
6. Get the uuid of your partition
   ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid
   
   
7. Add uuid and insert the path where to mount in /etc/fstab
   sudo nano /etc/fstab
   
   Examble:
   UUID=2687047d-f506-40f0-8823-d753c1ef34cd /data ext4
   
   
8. Mount the partitions
   mount -a

LVM

1. Install LVM2
   sudo apt-get install lvm2
   
   
2. Create at least 2 Linux LVM (8e) partitions with fdisk
   
   
3. Create the LVM partitions
   pvcreate <partition 1> <partition 2>
   
   Note: more partitions can be added - pvcreate <partition 1> <partition 2> <partition 3>
   
   
4. Create a volume group for the partitions
   vgcreate <name> <partition 1> <partition 2>
   
   
5. Create a logical volume for the volume group
   lvcreate --name <name> --size <size, eg. 10G or 20M> <volume group name>
   
   
6. Format the volume with a filesystem
   mkfs -t <filesystem, eg. ext4> /dev/<volume group name>/<logical volume name>
   
   
7. You can now mount it to a path
   
   

<a href="http://www.howtoforge.com/linux_lvm">Read more</a>

Install mediawiki

1. Install apache2, mysql-server, php5, php5-mysql and mediawiki. Run this command and follow the instructions
   sudo apt-get install apache2 mysql-server php5 php5-mysql mediawiki
   
   
2. Enter the /etc/mediawiki/apache.conf file
   sudo nano /etc/mediawiki/apache.conf
   
   
3. remove # from the line #Alias /mediawiki /var/lib/mediawiki
   
   
4. Save and exit
   
   
5. Restart apache2
   sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
   
   
6. go to http://<server address>/mediawiki and run the configuration
   
   
7. Rename the old configuration
   sudo mv /var/lib/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php /var/lib/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php.backup
   
   
8. Insert the new configuration
   sudo cp /var/lib/mediawiki/config/LocalSettings.php /var/lib/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php
   
   
9. You can now access your new mediawiki webpage by going to http://<server address>/mediawiki

Install php

1. Install php
   sudo apt-get install php5
   
   
2. PHP should now be installed.

Install phpmyadmin

1. Install phpmyadmin
   sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin
   
   
2. You can now access phpmyadmin via http <server address>/phpmyadmin

Make you http site redirect to your https site

1. Enter your site file
   sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/default
   
   
2. Under the line
   <VirtualHost *:80>
   insert the line
   Redirect permanent / https://<server address>/
   
   
3. Restart apache
   sudo service apache2 restart
   
   
4. Http requests should now be redirected to https

Install samba file server (create network shares)

1. Install samba
   sudo apt-get install samba
   
   
2. Enter the sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf file
   sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf
   
   
3. Browse to the bottom and create a share
   
   Example:
   [Share]
   comment = Guest access share
   path = /path/to/dir/to/share
   browseable = yes
   read only = yes
   guest ok = yes
   
   
   
4. Save and exit
   
   
5. Reload samba
   sudo /etc/init.d/samba reload

Making shares open

1. Enter the sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf file
   sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf
   
   
2. Find the line security = guest and replace it with security = share
   
   
3. Save and exit
   
   
4. Reload samba
   sudo /etc/init.d/samba reload

Install ssh (cli remote control)

1. Install openssh server
   sudo apt-get install openssh-server
   
   
2. You can now access your server via ssh (with eg. putty)

Setting up static ip

1. Enter the /etc/network/interfaces file
   sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
   
   
2. Change iface eth0 inet dhcp to iface eth0 inet static
   
   
3. Write your address, netmask and gateway
   
   Example:
   iface eth0 inet static
   address 192.168.1.2
   netmask 255.255.255.0
   gateway 192.168.1.1
   
   
   
4. Restart networkworking and that's it
   sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

Update ubuntu

1. To update your server, run this command
   sudo aptitude update && sudo aptitude safe-upgrade && sudo do-release-upgrade
   
   

Install wordpress

1. To install wordpress. Run this command and follow the instructions
   sudo apt-get install apache2 mysql-server php5 php5-gd php5-mysql wordpress
   
   
2. Make a symbolic link so that Apache2 knows where to find the installation folder
   sudo ln -s /usr/share/wordpress /var/www/wordpress
   
   
3. Then install WordPress using the supplied script
   sudo bash /usr/share/doc/wordpress/examples/setup-mysql -n wordpress localhost
   
   
4. Add the line the line ServerName localhost to the file /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
   sudo nano /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
   
   
5. Restart apache
   sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
   
   
6. Change the permissions of the wordpress folder
   sudo chmod -R 777 /var/www/wordpress
   
   
7. Delete the wordpress configuration file
   sudo rm /var/www/wordpress/wp-config.php
   
   
8. Run the wordpress configuration, open a webbrowser and go to http://<server address>/wordpress/wp-admin/install.php
   Note: mysql user should be root
   
   
9. You can now access your new wordpress webpage by going to http://<server address>/wordpress

Install apache (web server)

1. To install apache2 run this command
   sudo apt-get install apache2
   
   
2. That's it! You can now create your webpage in the /var/www folder

Using your own certificate

Openssh-server should be installed before you begin.

1. Generate keys for the Certificate Signing Request (CSR)
   openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048
   
   
2. Now create the insecure key, the one without a passphrase, and shuffle the key names
   openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key.insecure
mv server.key server.key.secure
mv server.key.insecure server.key
   
   
3. Create the CSR
   openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
   
   
4. Create the self-signed certificate
   openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
   
   
5. Install the certificate
   sudo cp server.crt /etc/ssl/certs
sudo cp server.key /etc/ssl/private
   
   
6. Now we have to edit the https site to use your certificate, enter the https site.
   sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl
   
   
7. Change the following
   SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
   SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
   to
   SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/server.crt
   SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/server.key
   
   
8. Save the changes
   
   
9. Restart apache
   sudo service apache2 restart
   
   
10. Your server should now use the certificate you have created.

Common commands

• sudo aptitude update && sudo aptitude safe-upgrade && sudo do-release-upgrade
  Used to update ubuntu
  
  
• sudo
  Used to run commands as root
  
  
• ls
  Used to show files and folders in a directory
  
  
• mkdir
  Used to make a directory
  
  
• cd
  Used to change the directory you're working in
  
  
• cp
  Used to copy files/directories
  
  
• rm
  Used to delete files/directories
  
  
• mv
  Used to move/rename files/directories
  
  
• locate
  Used to find files/directories
  
  
• adduser
  Used to create a user
  
  
• userdel
  Used to delete a user
  
  
• usermod
  Used to modify a user
  
  
• groupadd
  Used to create a group
  
  
• addgroup
  Used to create a group
  
  
• groupdel
  Used to delete a group
  
  
• delgroup
  Used to delete a group
  
  
• groupmod
  Used to modify a group
  
  
• chmod
  Used to change permissions of a file/directory
  
  
• chgrp
  Used to change the group of a file/directory
  
  
• chown
  Used to change the owner of a file/directory
  
  
• fdisk
  Used to create partitions on a disk
  
  
• mount
  Used to mount partitions
  
  
• blkid
  Used to show where partitions are mounted
  
  
• mkfs
  Used to format a partition
  
  
• vi
  Text editor
  
  
• nano
  Text editor
  
  
• ifconfig
  Used to show interface configuration
  
  
• man
  Used to show the manual of a command