B&O

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Dette vil blive brugt af studie grupper på B&O

CCNP

Her vil der være forskellige ccnp relaterede emner

BGP

see also BGP

ISIS

see also IS-IS

EIGRP

see also EIGRP

OSPF

see also OSPF

QoS

DSCP Binary Decimal TOS HEX
Default 000000 0 0 0x0
CS1 001000 8 32 0x20
AF11 001010 10 40 0x28
AF12 001100 2 48 0x30
AF13 001110 14 56 0x38
CS2 010000 16 64 0x40
AF21 010010 18 72 0x48
AF22 010100 20 80 0x50
AF23 010110 22 88 0x58
CS3 011000 24 96 0x60
AF31 011010 26 104 0x68
AF32 011100 28 112 0x70
AF33 011110 30 120 0x78
CS4 100000 32 128 0x80
AF41 100010 34 136 0x88
AF42 100100 36 144 0x90
AF43 100110 38 152 0x98
CS5 101000 40 160 0xA0
EF 101110 46 184 0xB8
CS6 110000 48 192 0xC0
CS7 111000 56 224 0xE0


EF (101 110)
PHB High Drop Medium drop Low Drop
AF4 11 10 01
AF3 11 10 01
AF2 11 10 01
AF1 11 10 01
Best Effort (000 000)



LFI

1 Bytes 64 Bytes 128 Bytes 256 Bytes 512 Bytes 1024 Bytes 1500 Bytes
56 kbps 143 us 9 ms 18 ms 36 ms 72 ms 144 ms 214 ms
64 kbps 125 us 8 ms 16 ms 32 ms 64 ms 128 ms 187 ms
128 kbps 62,5 us 4 ms 8 ms 16 ms 32 ms 64 ms 93 ms
256 kbps 31 us 2 ms 4 ms 8 ms 16 ms 32 ms 46 ms
512 kbps 15,5 us 1 ms 2 ms 4 ms 8 ms 16 ms 23 ms
768 kbps 10 us 640 us 1.28 ms 2.56 ms 5.1 ms 10.2 ms 15 ms
1536 kbps 5 us 320 us 640 us 1.28 ms 2.56 ms 5.12 ms 7.5 ms



CCNA

Her vil der være forskellige ccna relaterede emner

Tools

  • Ping – test the connection between two hosts
  • Ipconfig – get the settings for your local device
  • Nslookup – lookup ip address for an webpage or server
  • Tracert – test where an connection
  • Arp – address resolution protocol
  • Netstats – local TCP/UDP connection
  • Netstats -r – Routing information on local pc
  • Route print – Routing information on local pc


Other Tools

  • Packet tracer - Cisco network simulation program


Transfer Protocol

To be done

OSI Model

OSI Model TCP/IP Model
Data unit Layer Function Layer
Host
layers 		Data 7. Application Network process to application 4. Application
6. Presentation Data representation, encryption and decryption, convert machine dependent data to machine independent data
5. Session Interhost communication, managing sessions between applications, local socket/session port
Segments 4. Transport End-to-end connections, reliability and flow control, [Transfer protocol](TCP/UDP) and application ports 3. Transport
Media
layers 		Packet/Datagram 3. Network Path determination and logical addressing 2. Internet
Frame 2. Data link Physical addressing 1. Network
Access
Bit 1. Physical Media, signal and binary transmission


















Application Protocols

Name Short Name Port Transfer Protocol
File Transfer Protocol FTP 20/21 TCP/UDP
Secure Shell SSH 22 TCP
Telnet Telnet 23 TCP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SMTP 25 TCP
Domain Name System DNS 53 TCP/UDP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP 67/68 UDP
Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP 69 UDP
HyperText Transfer Protocol HTTP 80 TCP
Post Office Protocol POP3 110 UDP
Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP 161 TCP/UDP
Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol HTTPS 443 TCP


















Administrative distance (AD)


Administrative distance (AD) is the trustworthiness (or preference) of the route source.

Route Source Administrative Distance
Connected 0
Static 1
EIGRP summery route 5
External BGP 20
Internal EIGRP 90
IRGP 100
OSPF 110
ISIS 115
RIP 120
External EIGRP 170
Internal BGP 200

















Routing Protocols

Interior Gateway Protocol Exterior Gateway Protocol
Distance Vector Routing Protocol Link State Routing Protocol Path Vector
Classful RIPv1 IGRP EGP
Classless RIPv2 EIGRP OSPF IS-IS BGPv4
IPv6 RIPng EIGRP for IPv6 OSPFv3 IS-IS for IPv6 BGPv4 for IPv6










Spanning Tree

see also Spanning Tree

DHCP

see also DHCP



IOS Commands in different user modes

User EXEC Mode

  • enable - Enter Privileged EXEC mode

Privileged EXEC Mode

  • copy running-config startup-config - Copy the active configuration to NVRAM.
  • copy startup-config running-config - Copy the configuration in NVRAM to RAM.
  • erase startup-configuration - Erase the configuration located in NVRAM.
  • ping ip_address - Ping to that address.
  • traceroute ip_address - Trace each hop to that address.
  • show interfaces - Display statistics for all interfaces on a device.
  • show clock - Show the time set in the router.
  • show version - Display currently loaded IOS version, hardware, and device information.
  • show arp - Display the ARP table of the device.
  • show startup-config - Display the saved configuration located in NVRAM.
  • show running-config - Display the contents of the currently running configuration file.
  • show ip interface - Display IP statistics for interface(s) on a router.
  • configure terminal - Enter terminal configuration mode.

Terminal Configuration Mode

  • hostname hostname - Assign a host name to device.
  • enable password password - Set an unencrypted enable password.
  • enable secret password - Set a strongly encrypted enable password.
  • service password-encryption - Encrypt display of all passwords except secret.
  • banner motd# message # - Sets a message-of-the-day banner.
  • line console 0 - Enter console line configuration mode.
  • line vty 0 4 - Enter virtual terminal (Telnet) line configuration mode.
  • interface Interface_name - Enter interface configuration mode.

Line Configuration Mode

  • login - Enable password checking at login.
  • password password - Set line password.

Interface Configuration Mode

  • ip address ip_address netmask - Set interface IP address and subnet mask.
  • description description - Set interface description.
  • clock rate value - Set clock rate for DCE device.
  • no shutdown - Set interface to up.
  • shutdown - Administratively set interface to down.

Basic Configuration Exsamples in Cisco IOS

Configure Hostname: 

Router#<input>conf t</input>
Router(config)#<input>Hostname BandOHQR</input>
BandOHQR(config)#<input>end</input>
BandOHQR#<input>wr</input>

Configure Password: 

Router#<input>conf t</input>
Router(config)#<input>enable password MyNewPassword</input>
Router(config)#<input>end</input>
Router#<input>wr</input>

Configure service password-encryption: 

Router#<input>conf t</input>
Router(config)#<input>service password-encryption</input>
Router(config)#<input>end</input>
Router#<input>wr</input>

Configure Secret: 

Router#<input>conf t</input>
Router(config)#<input>enable secret MyNewPassword</input>
Router(config)#<input>end</input>
Router#<input>wr</input>

Configure (VTY) Virtual Terminal Password: 

Router#<input>conf t</input>
Router(config)#<input>line vty 0 4</input>
Router(config-line)#<input>password MyNewPassword</input>
Router(config-line)#<input>login</input>
Router(config-line)#<input>end</input>
Router#<input>wr</input>

Configure Consol Terminal Password: 

Router#<input>conf t</input>
Router(config-line)#<input>line console 0</input>
Router(config-line)#<input>password MyNewPassword</input>
Router(config-line)#<input>login</input>
Router(config-line)#<input>end</input>
Router#<input>wr</input>

Change Banner: 

Router#<input>conf t</input>
Router(config)#<input>banner motd Q</input>
Enter TEXT message.  End with the character 'Q'.
<input>
####                        ####       ####
#   #   #   #    #  ####   #    #     #    # #    #    # ####  ###  #### #    #
#   #  # #  ##   # #    #  #    #     #    # #    #    # #    #     #    ##   #
####  #   # # #  # #        ####  #   #    # #    #    # ###   ###  ###  # #  #
#   # ##### #  # # #  ###  #    ##    #    # #    #    # #        # #    #  # #
#   # #   # #   ## #    #  #    ##    #    # #    #    # #    #   # #    #   ##
####  #   # #    #  ####    ####   #   ####   ###  ####  #     ###  #### #    #
 
 
                      ***************************************
                      * Access for Authorized personal only *
                      ***************************************
Q</input>
Router(config)#<input>end</input>
Router#<input>wr</input>

Disable Domain lookup: 

Router#<input>conf t</input>
Router(config)#<input>no ip domain-lookup</input>
Router(config)#<input>end</input>
Router#<input>wr</input>


Enter static Route: 

Router#<input>conf t</input>
Router(config)#<input>ip route network_ip network_subnet nexthop_ip</input>
Router(config)#<input>end</input>
Router#<input>wr</input>

Configure Fastethernet Interface: 

Router#<input>conf t</input>
Router(config)#<input>interface FastEthernet 0/0</input>
Router(config-if)#<input>ip address ip_address netmask</input>
Router(config-if)#<input>description Connects to main switch in Building A</input>
Router(config-if)#<input>no shutdown</input>
Router(config-if)#<input>end</input>
Router#<input>wr</input>

Configure DCE Serial Interface: 

Router#<input>conf t</input>
Router(config)#<input>interface Serial 0/0/O</input>
Router(config-if)#<input>ip address ip_address netmask</input>
Router(config-if)#<input>clock rate 56000</input>
Router(config-if)#<input>description Connects to other router in Building B</input>
Router(config-if)#<input>no shutdown</input>
Router(config-if)#<input>end</input>
Router#<input>wr</input>

Configure DTE Serial Interface: 

Router#<input>conf t</input>
Router(config)#<input>interface Serial 0/0/O</input>
Router(config-if)#<input>ip address ip_address netmask</input>
Router(config-if)#<input>description Connects to other router in Building C</input>
Router(config-if)#<input>no shutdown</input>
Router(config-if)#<input>end</input>
Router#<input>wr</input>

Copy configuration from RAM to NVRAM: 

Router#<input>copy running-config startup-config </input>

Show activ configuration: 

Router#<input>show running-config</input>

Backup Configuration on TFTP Server: 

Router#<input>copy running-config tftp</input>
Remote host []?<input>192.168.1.100</input>
Name of configuration file to write [BandOHQ-config]?<input>BandO-config.backup</input>
Write file BandO-config.backup to 192.168.1.100? [confirm]
Writing BandO-config.backup !!!!!! [OK]

Removing All Configurations: 

Router#<input>erase startup-config</input>
Erasing the nvram filesystem will remove all configuration files! Continue? [confirm]

Reload the device: 

Router#<input>Reload</input>


Configure Switch Virtual LAN Interface for telnet sessions: 

Switch#<input>conf t</input>
Switch(config)#<input>interface vlan 1</input>
Switch(config-if)#<input>ip address ip_address netmask</input>
Switch(config-if)#<input>description Connects to main Router in Building A</input>
Switch(config-if)#<input>no shutdown</input>
Switch(config-if)#<input>exit</input>
Switch(config)#<input>ip default-gateway router_ip_address</input>
Switch(config)#<input>end</input>
Switch#<input>wr</input>

Basic Show Commands

Show clock - Show the time set in the router.: 

Router#<input>show clock</input>

Show version - Display currently loaded IOS version, hardware, and device information.: 

Router#<input>show version</input>

Show arp - Display the ARP table of the device.: 

Router#<input>show arp</input>

Show activ configuration: 

Router#<input>show running-config</input>

show interfaces - Display statistics for all interfaces on a device.: 

Router#<input>show interfaces</input>

Show specific interfaces: 

Router#<input>show interfaces fa0/0</input>

Show all interfaces ip: 

Router#<input>show ip interfaces brief</input>

Show routing table: 

Router#<input>show ip route</input>

Show Switch MAC address table: 

Switch#<input>show mac-address-table</input>

IOS troubleshooting tools

Ping: 

Router#<input>Ping ip_address</input>

Traceroute: 

Router#<input>traceroute ip_address</input>

Semester 2 Commands

Unsolicited Messages: 

Router#<input>conf t</input>
Router(config)#<input>line console 0</input>
Router(config-line)#<input>logging synchronous</input>

Controlers: 

Router#<input>Show controllers Your_Interface</input>

Cisco Discovery Protocol: 

Router#<input>show cdp neighbors</input>

Cisco Discovery Protocol: 

Router#<input>show cdp neighbors details</input>

disable CDP globally: 

Router(config)#<input>no cdp run</input>

disable CDP on a particular interface: 

Router(config-if)#<input>no cdp enable</input>

configuring a static route: 

Router(config)#<input>ip route network-address subnet-mask {ip-address | exit-interface }</input>

RIP

Configure RIP: 

Router(config)#<input>router rip</input>
Router(config-router)#<input>network x.x.x.x</input>

Advertised default route all other routers: 

Router(config)#<input>router rip</input>
Router(config-router)#<input>default-information originate</input>

Disable advertisement out an interface: 

Router(config)#<input>router rip</input>
Router(config-router)#<input>passive-interface interface_name_and_number</input>

Debug RIP: 

Router#<input>debug ip rip</input>

EIGRP

Type Distance Vector
Algorithm DUAL
Internal AD 90
External AD 170
Summary AD 5
Standard Cisco proprietary
Protocols supported via PDM's IP, IPX, Appletalk and IPv6
Transport IP/88
Authentication MD5
Multicast IP 224.0.0.10
MAC 01:00:5E:00:00:0A
Hallo Timers 5/60
Hold Timers 15/180



















Configure EIGRP: 

Router(config)#<input>router eigrp {as_number}</input>
Router(config-router)#<input>network x.x.x.x</input>

Disable EIGRP auto summery: 

Router(config)#<input>router eigrp 1</input>
Router(config-router)#<input>no auto-summery</input>

Disable advertisement out an interface: 

Router(config)#<input>router eigrp 1</input>
Router(config-router)#<input>passive-interface interface_name_and_number</input>
Eigrp Troubleshooting

User EXEC Mode

  • show ip eigrp interfaces
  • show ip eigrp neighbors
  • show ip eigrp topology
  • show ip eigrp traffic
  • clear ip eigrp neighbors
  • debug ip eigrp [packet | neighbors]


EIGRP show interfaces commands: 

Router#<input>show ip eigrp interfaces</input>

EIGRP show neighbors commands: 

Router#<input>show ip eigrp neighbors</input>

EIGRP show topology commands: 

Router#<input>show ip eigrp topology</input>

EIGRP show traffic commands: 

Router#<input>show ip eigrp traffic</input>

EIGRP clear neighbors commands: 

Router#<input>clear ip eigrp neighbors</input>

Debug eigrp: 

Router#<input>debug ip eigrp [packet | neighbors]</input>

OSPF

TO BE DONE!!

Debug Commands

Enable ip routing debugging: 

Router#<input>debug ip routing</input>

Disable ip routing debugging: 

Router#<input>undebug ip routing</input>

Disable all debugging: 

Router#<input>undebug all</input>

Links

Cisco password Cracker
Subnetting cheat sheet
Common ports
Cisco Cheat Sheets
Cisco IOS Versions
Physical Terminations
IPv6
Wireshark Display Filters


Kenni

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