Difference between revisions of "Spanning tree"
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The Spanning Tree protocol are used on Ethernet Switches to avoid broadcast storms. | The Spanning Tree protocol are used on Ethernet Switches to avoid broadcast storms. | ||
| − | = Broadcast Storms = | + | = Problems with Switches without Spanning Tree = |
| + | == Broadcast Storms == | ||
A broadcast starts when a Ethernet switch receives a broadcast from a Host and there exist a loop. | A broadcast starts when a Ethernet switch receives a broadcast from a Host and there exist a loop. | ||
| − | See | + | See example below: |
[[Image:stp1.png|500px|none|thumb|Broadcast storm example]] | [[Image:stp1.png|500px|none|thumb|Broadcast storm example]] | ||
| + | == Duplicate Ethernet Frames == | ||
| + | Another problem with Ethernet loops is duplicate Ethernet frames. | ||
| + | In the picture below, switch X can see PC-B mac-address on two ports and send the frame out of each port. | ||
| + | [[Image:stp2.png|500px|none|thumb|Duplicate Ethernet frame example]] | ||
| + | == Instability in Switch MAC-Address table == | ||
| + | Another problem with with Ethernet loops is instability in the Switches MAC-Address table | ||
| + | See the picture below and consider: | ||
| + | *The MAC-Address off PC-B is timed out on both Switches. | ||
| + | *PC-A send a unicast packet to PC-B's MAC-Address. | ||
| + | *PC-B's MAC-address is unknown to Switch X which send the Frame out of all ports. (Except the originating port 3) | ||
| + | *Switch Y receives the Frame to PC-B on port 1 and on port 2. | ||
| + | *PC-B's MAC-address is unknown to Switch X which send the Frame out of all ports. (Except originating port) | ||
| + | *Switch X know receives Frames on port 1 and port 2 with source MAC-address o fPC-A | ||
| + | *Switch X now thinks that PC-A is on Port 1, Port 2 and Port 3. | ||
| + | [Image:stp3.png|500px|none|thumb|Broadcast storm example]] | ||
[[Category:Network]][[Category:Cisco]] | [[Category:Network]][[Category:Cisco]] | ||
Revision as of 14:23, 25 March 2009
The Spanning Tree protocol are used on Ethernet Switches to avoid broadcast storms.
Contents
Problems with Switches without Spanning Tree
Broadcast Storms
A broadcast starts when a Ethernet switch receives a broadcast from a Host and there exist a loop. See example below:
Duplicate Ethernet Frames
Another problem with Ethernet loops is duplicate Ethernet frames. In the picture below, switch X can see PC-B mac-address on two ports and send the frame out of each port.
Instability in Switch MAC-Address table
Another problem with with Ethernet loops is instability in the Switches MAC-Address table See the picture below and consider:
- The MAC-Address off PC-B is timed out on both Switches.
- PC-A send a unicast packet to PC-B's MAC-Address.
- PC-B's MAC-address is unknown to Switch X which send the Frame out of all ports. (Except the originating port 3)
- Switch Y receives the Frame to PC-B on port 1 and on port 2.
- PC-B's MAC-address is unknown to Switch X which send the Frame out of all ports. (Except originating port)
- Switch X know receives Frames on port 1 and port 2 with source MAC-address o fPC-A
- Switch X now thinks that PC-A is on Port 1, Port 2 and Port 3.
[Image:stp3.png|500px|none|thumb|Broadcast storm example]]