CCNP TSHOOT Learning Guide/Chapter 5

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Maintaining and Troubleshooting Routing Solutions

Redistributiuon

Redistribution metrics
Protocol Default Seed Metric
RIP Infinity
IGRP/EIGRP Infinity
OSPF 20 except from BGP then 1
ISIS 0
BGP IGP

IOS Commands to verify Routing Functions

Verifying and Troubleshooting Route Propagation

Debug ip routing

R1#<input>debug ip routing</input>
IP routing debugging is on
R1#<input>sh ip route</input>
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 209.165.200.226 to network 0.0.0.0

     209.165.200.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       209.165.200.224/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
C       209.165.200.226/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 3 masks
D       10.1.10.0/24 [90/28416] via 10.1.2.1, 02:28:50, FastEthernet0/1
D       10.1.2.12/30 [90/30976] via 10.1.2.1, 02:28:50, FastEthernet0/1
C       10.1.2.0/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
D       10.1.30.0/24 [90/28416] via 10.1.2.1, 02:28:51, FastEthernet0/1
D       10.1.20.0/24 [90/28416] via 10.1.2.1, 02:28:51, FastEthernet0/1
D       10.1.50.0/24 [90/28416] via 10.1.2.1, 02:28:51, FastEthernet0/1
D       10.1.100.0/24 [90/28416] via 10.1.2.1, 02:28:51, FastEthernet0/1
D       10.1.203.1/32 [90/158976] via 10.1.2.1, 02:28:51, FastEthernet0/1
D       10.1.200.0/24 [90/28416] via 10.1.2.1, 02:28:51, FastEthernet0/1
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 209.165.200.226
R1#<input>sh run | section router eigrp</input>
router eigrp 1
 redistribute static
 passive-interface default
 no passive-interface FastEthernet0/1
 network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.3
 network 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0
 no auto-summary
R1#<input>clear ip eigrp 1 neighbors</input>
R1#
Jun 18 12:45:44.546: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 1: <notice>Neighbor 10.1.2.1 (FastEthernet0/1) is down: manually cleared</notice>
Jun 18 12:45:44.546: RT: delete route to 10.1.10.0 via 10.1.2.1, eigrp metric [90/28416]
Jun 18 12:45:44.546: RT: no routes to 10.1.10.0
Jun 18 12:45:44.546: RT: NET-RED 10.1.10.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:44.546: RT: delete subnet route to 10.1.10.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:44.546: RT: NET-RED 10.1.10.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:44.546: RT: delete route to 10.1.2.12 via 10.1.2.1, eigrp metric [90/30976]
Jun 18 12:45:44.546: RT: no routes to 10.1.2.12
Jun 18 12:45:44.546: RT: NET-RED 10.1.2.12/30
Jun 18 12:45:44.546: RT: delete subnet route to 10.1.2.12/30
Jun 18 12:45:44.546: RT: NET-RED 10.1.2.12/30
Jun 18 12:45:44.546: RT: delete route to 10.1.30.0 via 10.1.2.1, eigrp metric [90/28416]
Jun 18 12:45:44.546: RT: no routes to 10.1.30.0
Jun 18 12:45:44.546: RT: NET-RED 10.1.30.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:44.546: RT: delete subnet route to 10.1.30.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:44.546: RT: NET-RED 10.1.30.
R1#0/24
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: delete route to 10.1.20.0 via 10.1.2.1, eigrp metric [90/28416]
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: no routes to 10.1.20.0
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: NET-RED 10.1.20.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: delete subnet route to 10.1.20.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: NET-RED 10.1.20.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: delete route to 10.1.50.0 via 10.1.2.1, eigrp metric [90/28416]
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: no routes to 10.1.50.0
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: NET-RED 10.1.50.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: delete subnet route to 10.1.50.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: NET-RED 10.1.50.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: delete route to 10.1.100.0 via 10.1.2.1, eigrp metric [90/28416]
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: no routes to 10.1.100.0
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: NET-RED 10.1.100.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: delete subnet route to 10.1.100.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: NET-RED 10.1.100.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: delete route to 10.1.203.1 via 10.1.2.1, eigrp metric [90/158976]
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: no routes to 10.1.203.1
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: NET-RED 10.1.203.1/32
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: delete subnet route to 10.1.203.1/32
Jun 18 12:45:44.550: RT: NET-RED 10.1.203.1/32
Jun 18 12:45:44.554: RT: delete route to 10.1.200.0 via 10.1.2.1, eigrp metric [90/28416]
Jun 18 12:45:44.554: RT: no routes to 10.1.200.0
Jun 18 12:45:44.554: RT: NET-RED 10.1.200.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:44.554: RT: delete subnet route to 10.1.200.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:44.554: RT: NET-RED 10.1.200.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:46.558: RT: NET-RED 0.0.0.0/0
Jun 18 12:45:47.214: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 1: <notice>Neighbor 10.1.2.1 (FastEthernet0/1) is up: new adjacency</notice>
Jun 18 12:45:47.258: RT: network 10.0.0.0 is now variably masked
Jun 18 12:45:47.258: RT: add 10.1.10.0/24 via 10.1.2.1, eigrp metric [90/28416]
Jun 18 12:45:47.258: RT: NET-RED 10.1.10.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:47.258: RT: add 10.1.20.0/24 via 10.1.2.1, eigrp metric [90/28416]
Jun 18 12:45:47.258: RT: NET-RED 10.1.20.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:47.258: RT: add 10.1.30.0/24 via 10.1.2.1, eigrp metric [90/28416]
Jun 18 12:45:47.258: RT: NET-RED 10.1.30.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:47.262: RT: add 10.1.50.0/24 via 10.1.2.1, eigrp metric [90/28416]
Jun 18 12:45:47.262: RT: NET-RED 10.1.50.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:47.262: RT: add 10.1.100.0/24 via 10.1.2.1, eigrp metric [90/28416]
Jun 18 12:45:47.262: RT:
R1#NET-RED 10.1.100.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:47.262: RT: add 10.1.200.0/24 via 10.1.2.1, eigrp metric [90/28416]
Jun 18 12:45:47.262: RT: NET-RED 10.1.200.0/24
Jun 18 12:45:47.262: RT: add 10.1.2.12/30 via 10.1.2.1, eigrp metric [90/30976]
Jun 18 12:45:47.262: RT: NET-RED 10.1.2.12/30
Jun 18 12:45:47.262: RT: add 10.1.203.1/32 via 10.1.2.1, eigrp metric [90/158976]
Jun 18 12:45:47.262: RT: NET-RED 10.1.203.1/32
R1#<input>no debug ip routing</input>
IP routing debugging is off

Route Profiling

R1(config)#<input>ip route profile</input>
R1(config)#<input>^Z</input>
Jun 18 12:46:41.803: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#<input>sh ip route profile</input>
IP routing table change statistics:
Frequency of changes in a 5 second sampling interval
-------------------------------------------------------------
Change/   Fwd-path  Prefix   Nexthop  Pathcount  Prefix
interval  change    add      change   change     refresh
-------------------------------------------------------------
0         2         2        2        2          1
1         0         0        0        0          1
2         0         0        0        0          0
3         0         0        0        0          0
4         0         0        0        0          0
5         0         0        0        0          0
10        0         0        0        0          0
15        0         0        0        0          0
20        0         0        0        0          0
25        0         0        0        0          0
30        0         0        0        0          0
55        0         0        0        0          0
80        0         0        0        0          0
105       0         0        0        0          0
130       0         0        0        0          0
155       0         0        0        0          0
280       0         0        0        0          0
405       0         0        0        0          0
-------------------------------------------------------------
Change/   Fwd-path  Prefix   Nexthop  Pathcount  Prefix
interval  change    add      change   change     refresh
-------------------------------------------------------------
530       0         0        0        0          0
655       0         0        0        0          0
780       0         0        0        0          0
1405      0         0        0        0          0
2030      0         0        0        0          0
2655      0         0        0        0          0
3280      0         0        0        0          0
3905      0         0        0        0          0
7030      0         0        0        0          0
10155     0         0        0        0          0
13280     0         0        0        0          0
Overflow  0         0        0        0          0
R1#<input>conf t</input>
R1(config)#<input>no ip route profile</input>

show ip cef

SW1#show ip cef exact-route 172.16.4.16 192.168.22.73
172.16.4.16 -> 192.168.22.73 => IP adj out of Vlan1, addr 172.16.4.16

show ip prot

remember

Route-maps

prefix lists

Troubleshooting EIGRP

EIGRP uses three tables

  • interface table:
EIGRP Tables
Table Description
Interface Contains list of all interfaces that have been enabled for processing of EIGRP packets. Passive interfaces are not listed in this table.
Neighbor Keeps track of all active EIGRP neighbors. Neighbours are added on the reception of hello packet and are removed when the hold-time expires or when the associated interface goes down or removed from the Interface table. This table also keeps track on status on Routing information exchanged.
Topology Holds all Routes received from neighbors, locally injected or redistributed into EIGRP. EIGRP selects the best routes from this table based on the DUAL algorithm.

Monitoring EIGRP

show commands

  • show ip eigrp interface
  • show ip eigrp neighbors
  • show ip eigrp topology

debug commands

  • debug ip routing
  • debug eigrp packets - Many options here (terse - except hello packets)
  • debug ip eigrp neighbor as-number network mask
  • debug ip eigrp as-number network mask - limit info. from debug eigrp packets

Troubleshooting OSPF

OSPF tables
Table Description
Interface table List all interfaces enabled for OSPF. The directly connected subnets are included in the TYPE-1 Router LSA the Router injects into the OSPF link-state database. Passive-interfaces is listed in the tables
Neighbor table Used to keep track of all OSPF neighbors. Neighbors are added on the reception of a hello packet and removed when the dead-time expires or when the associated interface goes down.
Link State database Main data structure containing all network topology information for the OSPF process.
Routing Information Base Contains results from the SPF algorithm. OSPF offers the contents of the RIB to the Routing Table.

INSERT TABLE 5.2 and FIGURE 5.3 from page 168

Cisco IOS OSPF commands

Show commands

  • show ip ospf interface
  • show ip ospf neighbor
  • show ip ospf datatbase
  • show ip ospf statistics

debug commands

  • debug ip routing
  • debug ip ospf packet
  • debug ip ospf adj
  • debug ip ospf monitor

Troubleshooting BGP

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